Focuses on ensuring structures can withstand earthquakes. Involves the design strategies to minimize damage from seismic forces

Deals with restoring or improving the structural performance of existing structures, including diagnosing problems and implementing repair solutions

Involves evaluating the condition of structures, identifying signs of distress, and recommending repairs to ensure safety

Focuses on regular inspections to maintain structural integrity, identifying potential issues early for timely maintenance or repairs

Concerns the design and performance of building exteriors, focusing on weatherproofing, thermal efficiency, and durability

Involves designing structures using materials and techniques that minimize weight without compromising strength or stability

Aims to preserve and protect historic buildings, maintaining structural integrity while respecting historical significance

Involves repurposing old buildings for new uses, ensuring transformations meet modern standards while preserving historical elements

Aims to create structures capable of withstanding and recovering quickly from disasters, emphasizing durability and adaptability

Includes the design of specialized structures like towers and masts, requiring unique considerations due to specific functions and requirements